Sources for supporting material must be verbally stated reasonably close to the presented material. A speech often contains the presenter’s analysis of the source material interspersed with the source author’s ideas and thoughts. When a blanket citation is given only at the beginning of the speech, it becomes very difficult for listeners to differentiate between the two. To uphold academic integrity, it is important to distinguish when the content is coming from the source material and when the content is analyzed by the presenter. Verbal citations throughout the speech provide that distinction.  A speech that only lists sources at the beginning is likely to be missing the mark for academic integrity.